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4-bit processors were widely used in electronic calculators and other roles where decimal math was used, like electronic cash registers, microwave oven timers, and so forth. This is because a 4-bit value holds a single binary coded decimal (BCD) digit, making it a natural size
This is a list of some binary codes that are (or have been) used to represent text as a sequence of binary digits "0" and "1". Fixed-width binary codes use a set number of bits to represent each character in the text, while in variable-width binary codes, the number of bits may vary from character to character.
Binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a binary encoded representation of integer values that uses a 4-bit nibble to encode decimal digits. Four binary bits can encode up to 16 distinct values; but, in BCD-encoded numbers, only ten values in each nibble are legal, and encode the decimal digits zero, through nine.
In the binary system, each bit represents an increasing power of 2, with the rightmost bit representing 2 0, the next representing 2 1, then 2 2, and so on. The value of a binary number is the sum of the powers of 2 represented by each "1" bit. For example, the binary number 100101 is converted to decimal form as follows:
These prefixes are more often used for multiples of bytes, as in kilobyte (1 kB = 8000 bit), megabyte (1 MB = 8 000 000 bit), and gigabyte (1 GB = 8 000 000 000 bit). However, for technical reasons, the capacities of computer memories and some storage units are often multiples of some large power of two, such as 2 28 = 268 435 456 bytes.
The reason for adding 6 is that there are 16 possible 4-bit BCD values (since 2 4 = 16), but only 10 values are valid (0000 through 1001). For example: 1001 + 1000 = 10001 9 + 8 = 17 10001 is the binary, not decimal, representation of the desired result, but the most significant 1 (the "carry") cannot fit in a 4-bit binary number.
4-bit binary full adder (has carry in function) 16 SN74LS283: 74x284 1 4-bit by 4-bit parallel binary multiplier (high order 4 bits of product) 16 SN74284: 74x285 1 4-bit by 4-bit parallel binary multiplier (low order 4 bits of product) 16 SN74285: 74x286 1 9-bit parity generator/checker, bus driver parity I/O port 14 SN74AS286: 74x287 1
For instance, using a 32-bit format, 16 bits may be used for the integer and 16 for the fraction. The eight's bit is followed by the four's bit, then the two's bit, then the one's bit. The fractional bits continue the pattern set by the integer bits. The next bit is the half's bit, then the quarter's bit, then the ⅛'s bit, and so on. For example: