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  2. Chemical potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_potential

    The phrase "chemical potential" sometimes means "total chemical potential", but that is not universal. [13] In some fields, in particular electrochemistry, semiconductor physics, and solid-state physics, the term "chemical potential" means internal chemical potential, while the term electrochemical potential is used to mean total chemical ...

  3. Chemical energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_energy

    The similar term chemical potential is used to indicate the potential of a substance to undergo a change of configuration, be it in the form of a chemical reaction, spatial transport, particle exchange with a reservoir, etc. It is not a form of potential energy itself, but is more closely related to free energy. The confusion in terminology ...

  4. Conjugate variables (thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_variables...

    The number of particles is, like volume and entropy, the displacement variable in a conjugate pair. The generalized force component of this pair is the chemical potential. The chemical potential may be thought of as a force which, when imbalanced, pushes an exchange of particles, either with the surroundings, or between phases inside the system.

  5. Potential energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_energy

    Chemical potential energy is a form of potential energy related to the structural arrangement of atoms or molecules. This arrangement may be the result of chemical bonds within a molecule or otherwise. Chemical energy of a chemical substance can be transformed to other forms of energy by a chemical reaction. As an example, when a fuel is burned ...

  6. Thermodynamic potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_potential

    A thermodynamic potential (or more accurately, a thermodynamic potential energy) [1] [2] is a scalar quantity used to represent the thermodynamic state of a system. Just as in mechanics , where potential energy is defined as capacity to do work, similarly different potentials have different meanings.

  7. Gibbs free energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy

    N i is the number of particles (or number of moles) composing the ith chemical component. This is one form of the Gibbs fundamental equation. [10] In the infinitesimal expression, the term involving the chemical potential accounts for changes in Gibbs free energy resulting from an influx or outflux of particles.

  8. Electrochemical potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_potential

    In electrochemistry, the electrochemical potential of electrons (or any other species) is the total potential, including both the (internal, nonelectrical) chemical potential and the electric potential, and is by definition constant across a device in equilibrium, whereas the chemical potential of electrons is equal to the electrochemical ...

  9. Force field (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_field_(chemistry)

    Molecular mechanics potential energy function with continuum solvent. The basic functional form of potential energy for modeling molecular systems includes intramolecular interaction terms for interactions of atoms that are linked by covalent bonds and intermolecular (i.e. nonbonded also termed noncovalent) terms that describe the long-range electrostatic and van der Waals forces.