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To him, if Islam was truly or fully understood, then people would gradually give up their old habits that contravened Islamic teachings. This method can be seen in Indonesian artworks, particularly in carvings, shadow puppets ( wayang kulit ), gamelan (Javanese traditional musical performance), and singing.
Unlike contemporary scholarship, which relied on traditions and historical narratives from early Islam, Ibn Taymiyya's methodology was a mixture of the selective use of hadith and a literal understanding of the Quran. [225] [226] He rejected most philosophical approaches to Islam and proposed a clear, simple and dogmatic theology instead. [225]
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. [9] Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number approximately 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.
A representative of elite social milieus, [6] Nirartha was a disciple of Muslim saint Syekh Siti Jenar. [7] Jenar was a Javanese member of the Wali Sanga (revered Muslim saints) in Java who proned a more mystical approach of sufism, [8] called pantheist Sufism (union of man and God, wujûdiyah, manunggaling kawulo gusti) - which opposed shariatic Sufism such as that of Sunan Kudus.
In Islam, most intellectual disciplines, including Islamic theology, philosophy, mysticism and jurisprudence, have been concerned with the Quran or have their foundation in its teachings. [16] Muslims believe that the preaching or reading of the Quran is rewarded with divine rewards variously called ajr , thawab , or hasanat .
Muhammad [a] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [b] was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. [c] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Genealogical tree of the Sufyanids, the ruling family of the Umayyad Caliphate to which Khalid belonged. Khalid was likely born around 668. He was the son of the Umayyad caliph Yazid I (r.
The prophets of Islam, according to Rumi, constitute the highest point of spiritual development and are the closest to God. Throughout Rumi's writings, Muhammad is the most perfect example of all previous prophets. [88] Despite Rumi's explicit adherence to Islam, there are traces of religious pluralism throughout his work.