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The condition/expression is evaluated, and if the condition/expression is true, [1] the code within all of their following in the block is executed. This repeats until the condition/expression becomes false. Because the while loop checks the condition/expression before the block is executed, the control structure is often also known as a pre ...
If the expression is false the loop terminates. A while loop sets the truth of a statement as a necessary condition for the code's execution. A do-while loop provides for the action's ongoing execution until the condition is no longer true. It is possible and sometimes desirable for the condition to always evaluate to be true.
The following is a C-style While loop.It continues looping while x does not equal 3, or in other words it only stops looping when x equals 3.However, since x is initialized to 0 and the value of x is never changed in the loop, the loop will never end (infinite loop).
Examples are if, while, const, for and goto, which are keywords that happen to be common to both languages. In C, the basic built-in type names are also keywords (e.g., int , char ) or combinations of keywords (e.g., unsigned char ), while in Pascal the built-in type names are predefined normal identifiers.
C++ changes some C standard library functions to add additional overloaded functions with const type qualifiers, e.g. strchr returns char* in C, while C++ acts as if there were two overloaded functions const char *strchr(const char *) and a char *strchr(char *). In C23 generic selection will be used to make C's behaviour more similar to C++'s. [11]
This style is used instead of infinite while (1) loops to avoid a type conversion warning in some C/C++ compilers. [4] Some programmers prefer the more succinct for (;;) form over the semantically equivalent but more verbose while (true) form.
All logical operators exist in C and C++ and can be overloaded in C++, albeit the overloading of the logical AND and logical OR is discouraged, because as overloaded operators they behave as ordinary function calls, which means that both of their operands are evaluated, so they lose their well-used and expected short-circuit evaluation property ...
In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of The C++ Programming Language in 1991. [32] New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, const member functions, and protected members. In 1990, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual was published. This work became the basis for ...