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When Napoleon abdicated both the thrones of France and Italy on 11 April 1814, Eugène de Beauharnais was lined up on the Mincio river with his army to repel any invasion from Germany or Austria, and he attempted to be crowned king. The Senate of the Kingdom was summoned on 17 April, but the senators showed themselves undecided in that chaotic ...
Among Napoleon's motivations for being crowned were to gain prestige in international royalist and Roman Catholic circles and to lay the foundation for a future dynasty. [2]: 243 In 1805, Napoleon was also separately crowned with the Iron Crown as King of Italy in Milan Cathedral. [4]
On 26 May, Napoleon crowned himself King of Italy, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, at the Cathedral of Milan. Austria saw this as a provocation because of its own territorial interests in Italy. When Napoleon incorporated Genoa and Liguria into his empire, Austria formally protested against this violation of the Treaty of Lunéville. [164]
A Kingdom of Italy was restored from 1805 to 1814 with Napoleon as its only king, ... Charles V was the last emperor to be crowned king of Italy or to officially use ...
During his continued expansion of power, Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Italy in much the same manner as Charlemagne. As a symbolic gesture, he had himself crowned as King of Italy using the Iron Crown of Lombardy for the coronation, which occurred on 26 May 1805. Soon after, Napoleon founded the Order of the Iron Crown on 5 June 1805.
The Sovereigns of the Holy Roman Empire were crowned Kings of Italy with the famous Iron Crown; also Napoleon was crowned King of Italy in 1805 with this crown.
PARIS, Nov 15 (Reuters) - A golden laurel leaf cut from the crown of French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was auctioned near Paris on Sunday. The small 10-gram decoration - worth less than $500 if ...
Subsequent emperors used the title "king of Italy" until Charles V. At first they were crowned in Pavia, later Milan, and Charles was crowned in Bologna. In 1805, Napoleon I was crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy at the Milan Cathedral. The next year, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II abdicated his imperial title.