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According to Roman Catholicism, the history of the papacy, the office held by the pope as head of the Catholic Church, spans from the time of Peter to the present day. [ 1 ] In the first three centuries of the Christian era, many of Peter's successors as bishops of Rome are obscure figures, most suffering martyrdom along with members of their ...
1742 print of the corpse of John XII, one of the most infamous popes, being carried by a crowd. Saeculum obscurum (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈsɛː.ku.lu.m obsˈkuː.rum], "the dark age/century"), also known as the Pornocracy or the Rule of the Harlots, was a period in the history of the papacy during the first two thirds of the 10th century, following the chaos after the death of Pope Formosus ...
Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes (fourth (Kindle) ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11597-0. Dvornik, Francis (1966). Byzantium and the Roman primacy. New York: Fordham University Press. ISBN 9780823207015. Nichols, Terence L. (1997). That all may be one: hierarchy and participation in the Church. Collegeville, MN ...
To understand why the Roman Catholic church is at a crossroads today, it helps to look back at the 10 years since Pope Francis was selected. Francis didn’t replace a pope who had died. David ...
The history of the papacy from 1046 to 1216 was marked by conflict between popes and the Holy Roman Emperor, most prominently the Investiture Controversy, a dispute over who— pope or emperor— could appoint bishops within the Empire.
A History of the Church. Herder and Herder. Granfield, Patrick (1987). The Limits of the Papacy: Authority and Autonomy in the Church. New York: Crossroad. ISBN 978-0-8245-0839-5. Grisar, Hartmann (1912). History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner. OCLC 11025456. John Paul II, Pope (22 February 1996).
Behind locked doors: A history of the Papal elections. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-29463-8. Goodson, Caroline J. (2010). The Rome of Pope Paschal I: Papal Power, Urban Renovation, Church Rebuilding and Relic Translation, 817–824. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: 4th Series, Series Number 77 (Illustrated ed ...
Saint Peter, the first Pope, with the Keys of Heaven.By Francesco del Cossa, currently at the Pinacoteca di Brera.. Papacy in early Christianity was the period in papal history between 30 AD, when according to Catholic doctrine, Saint Peter effectively assumed his pastoral role as the Visible Head of the Church, until the pontificate of Miltiades, in 313, when Peace in the Church began.