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List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions; List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system; List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions; List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system; List of target antigens in pemphigoid; List of target antigens in pemphigus
Mast cells are relatively sparse, potentially demonstrated with special stains, preferably tryptase stain. [14] Extravasated erythrocytes are present in about 50% of the cases [14] No vasculitis. [14] Dermatitis herpetiformis Subepidermal vesicles and blisters associated with accumulation of neutrophils at the papillary tips. [24]
The H&E staining procedure is the principal stain in histology [3] [7] [2] [5] in part because it can be done quickly, [7] is not expensive, and stains tissues in such a way that a considerable amount of microscopic anatomy [9] [10] is revealed, [7] [5] [4] and can be used to diagnose a wide range of histopathologic conditions. [8]
The term "immunostaining" was originally used to refer to the immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, as first described by Albert Coons in 1941. [1] However, immunostaining now encompasses a broad range of techniques used in histology, cell biology, and molecular biology that use antibody-based staining methods.
The Wirtz-Conklin stain is a special technique designed for staining true endospores with the use of malachite green dye as the primary stain and safranin as the counterstain. Once stained, they do not decolourize. The addition of heat during the staining process is a huge contributing factor. [15]
Immunohistochemistry can be performed on tissue that has been fixed and embedded in paraffin, but also cryopreservated (frozen) tissue.Based on the way the tissue is preserved, there are different steps to prepare the tissue for immunohistochemistry, but the general method includes proper fixation, antigen retrieval incubation with primary antibody, then incubation with secondary antibody.
The standard stains are haematoxylin and eosin, but many others exist. The use of haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides to provide specific diagnoses based on morphology is considered to be the core skill of anatomic pathology. The science of staining tissues sections is called histochemistry.
These stains use antibodies to bind to specific antigens, usually of protein or glycoprotein origin. Since antibodies are normally invisible, special strategies must be employed to detect these bound antibodies. In an immunoperoxidase procedure, an enzyme known as a peroxidase is used to catalyze a chemical reaction to produce a coloured product.