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The Invasion of Hanover in 1803 during the Napoleonic Wars saw a French army under Édouard Mortier invade and occupy the Electorate of Hanover in Northern Germany following the breakdown of the Peace of Amiens. Hanover was under the rule of George III in a personal union with Britain, the principal enemy of Napoleon's French Empire.
Hanover had been connected to Britain since the Hanoverian Succession of 1714 and it's rulers had largely resided in London since then. After the 1803 annexation, many Hanoverian men had gone into exile to join the King's German Legion fighting with British forces. A brief Allied attempt to liberate Hanover in 1806 had been a failure. Britain ...
Hanover was formed by the union of several dynastic divisions of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, with the sole exception of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.From 1714 to 1837, it was joined in a personal union with the United Kingdom, which terminated upon the accession in Britain of Queen Victoria, as in Hanover, a woman could not rule if there was a male descendant.
Hanover – near the Waterloo Square in front of the archives stands a statue of Carl von Alten; Hanover – also near the archives is a plaque commemorating Major Georg Baring; Hanover – the Legion’s-bridge crossing the river Ihme, was originally named Waterloo-Bridge and is now renamed for the King's German Legion
The Legion had been formed following the French Invasion of Hanover in 1803. [3] The KGL participated in numerous British military campaigns, notably during the Peninsular War . At Waterloo men from the KGL notably defended the strategic farmhouse at La Haye Sainte .
In 1803, Hanover was conquered by the French and Prussian armies in the Napoleonic Wars. The Treaties of Tilsit in 1807 joined it to territories from Prussia and created the Kingdom of Westphalia, ruled by Napoleon's youngest brother, Jérôme Bonaparte. French control lasted until October 1813, when the territory was overrun by Russian Cossacks.
As part of the German Mediatisation of 25 February 1803, the electorate received the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück in real union, which had been ruled by every second ruler of the House of Hanover since 1662. After Britain, this time without any allies, had declared war on France (18 May 1803), French troops invaded Hanover on 26 May.
The Hanover Expedition, also known as the Weser Expedition, [1] was a British invasion of the Electorate of Hanover during the Napoleonic Wars.Coordinated as part of an attack on France by the nations of the Third Coalition against Napoleon by William Pitt the Younger and Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, planning began for an invasion of French territories in July 1805.