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Serum (blood) - Wikipedia
Plasma and serum are both derived from full blood, but serum is obtained by removing blood cells, fibrin clots, and other coagulation factors while plasma is obtained by only removing blood cells [22]. Blood plasma and blood serum are often used in blood tests. Tests can be done on plasma, serum or both. [23]
Blood serum and blood plasma are similar, but serum does not contain any clotting factors such as fibrinogen, prothrombin, thromboplastin and many others. Serum includes all proteins not used in coagulation (clotting) and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones and any exogenous substances, such as drugs and microorganisms.
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is a blood product made from the liquid portion of whole blood. [3] It is used to treat conditions in which there are low blood clotting factors (INR > 1.5) or low levels of other blood proteins.
Plasma contains a large variety of proteins including albumin, immunoglobulins, and clotting proteins such as fibrinogen. [1] Albumin constitutes about 60% of the total protein in plasma and is present at concentrations between 35 and 55 mg/mL. [ 2 ]
The coagulation factors are generally enzymes called serine proteases, which act by cleaving downstream proteins. The exceptions are tissue factor, FV, FVIII, FXIII. [28] Tissue factor, FV and FVIII are glycoproteins, and Factor XIII is a transglutaminase. [27] The coagulation factors circulate as inactive zymogens. The coagulation cascade is ...
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The formed elements are the two types of blood cell or corpuscle – the red blood cells, (erythrocytes) and white blood cells (leukocytes), and the cell fragments called platelets [12] that are involved in clotting. By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of whole blood, the plasma about 54.3%, and white cells about 0.7%.