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A polar organelle is a structure at a specialised region of the bacterial polar membrane that is associated with the flagellar apparatus. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This flagellum-associated structure can easily be distinguished from the other membrane regions in ultrathin sections of embedded bacteria by electron microscopy when the cell membrane is ...
A flagellum (/ f l ə ˈ dʒ ɛ l əm /; pl.: flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hair-like appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores (), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility.
Bradyrhizobium species are Gram-negative bacilli (rod-shaped) with a single subpolar or polar flagellum.They are common soil-dwelling micro-organisms that can form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plant species where they fix nitrogen in exchange for carbohydrates from the plant.
In polar flagellation, the flagella are present at one or both ends of the cell: if a single flagellum is attached at one pole, the cell is called monotrichous; if a tuft of flagella is located at one pole, the cells is lophotrichous; when flagella are present at both ends, the cell is amphitrichous.
Magnetospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic genus of magnetotactic bacteria, first isolated from pond water by the microbiologist R. P. Blakemore in 1975. [2] [3] They have a spiral (helical) shape and are propelled by a polar flagellum at each end of their cells.
They are able to have polar or lateral flagellum with or without sheaths. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] Vibrio species typically possess two chromosomes , which is unusual for bacteria. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Each chromosome has a distinct and independent origin of replication , [ 9 ] and are conserved together over time in the genus. [ 10 ]
Scanning electron micrograph of a Campylobacter species showing the characteristic curved/spiral appearance, and a single polar flagellum. Campylobacter upsaliensis shares the characteristic appearance of other Campylobacter species: it is a curved to spiral, gram-negative rod that displays darting motility.
In solutions with NaCl concentrations of 0.6-1.5M, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus produce and move by the movement of “a single unsheathed polar flagellum.” [2] In solutions with NaCl concentrations <0.2 or >1.5, M. hydrocarbonoclasticus are unable to produce flagella, and are thereby unable to influence their movement through medium. [2]