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  2. Water clarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_clarity

    A diver enters crystal clear water in Lake Huron. Water clarity is a descriptive term for how deeply visible light penetrates through water. In addition to light penetration, the term water clarity is also often used to describe underwater visibility.

  3. Buoyancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy

    Buoyancy (/ ˈ b ɔɪ ən s i, ˈ b uː j ən s i /), [1] [2] or upthrust is a net upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or fully immersed object. In a column of fluid, pressure increases with depth as a result of the weight of the overlying fluid.

  4. Convection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection

    In a column of fluid, pressure increases with depth from the weight of the overlying fluid. The pressure at the bottom of a submerged object then exceeds that at the top, resulting in a net upward buoyancy force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. Objects of higher density than that of the displaced fluid then sink.

  5. Submerged specific gravity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submerged_specific_gravity

    Submerged specific gravity is a dimensionless measure of an object's buoyancy when immersed in a fluid.It can be expressed in terms of the equation = where stands for "submerged specific gravity", is the density of the object, and is the density of the fluid.

  6. Underwater acoustics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_acoustics

    Output of a computer model of underwater acoustic propagation in a simplified ocean environment. A seafloor map produced by multibeam sonar. Underwater acoustics (also known as hydroacoustics) is the study of the propagation of sound in water and the interaction of the mechanical waves that constitute sound with the water, its contents and its boundaries.

  7. Aquatic locomotion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_locomotion

    The more of the animal's body that is submerged while swimming, the less energy it uses. Swimming on the surface requires two to three times more energy than when completely submerged. This is because of the bow wave that is formed at the front when the animal is pushing the surface of the water when swimming, creating extra drag. [34]

  8. Surface tension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension

    Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what allows objects with a higher density than water such as razor blades and insects (e.g. water striders) to float on a water surface without becoming even partly submerged.

  9. Oceanic physical-biological process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_physical...

    Drag is the tendency of an object to move in the direction of the flow. The magnitude of drag depends on the current velocity, the shape and size of the organism and the density of the fluid. Drag is a dissipative process which generally results in the generation of heat.