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A vertex of an angle is the endpoint where two lines or rays come together. In geometry, a vertex (pl.: vertices or vertexes) is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet or intersect. As a consequence of this definition, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the corners of polygons and polyhedra are vertices. [1] [2] [3]
A polygon has exactly one internal angle per vertex. If every internal angle of a simple polygon is less than a straight angle ( π radians or 180°), then the polygon is called convex . In contrast, an external angle (also called a turning angle or exterior angle) is an angle formed by one side of a simple polygon and a line extended from an ...
A vertex figure of an n-polytope is an (n−1)-polytope. For example, a vertex figure of a polyhedron is a polygon, and the vertex figure for a 4-polytope is a polyhedron. In general a vertex figure need not be planar. For nonconvex polyhedra, the vertex figure may also be nonconvex.
These segments are called its edges or sides, and the points where two of the edges meet are the polygon's vertices (singular: vertex) or corners. The word polygon comes from Late Latin polygōnum (a noun), from Greek πολύγωνον ( polygōnon/polugōnon ), noun use of neuter of πολύγωνος ( polygōnos/polugōnos , the masculine ...
vertex A position (usually in 3D space) along with other information such as color, normal vector and texture coordinates. edge A connection between two vertices. face A closed set of edges, in which a triangle face has three edges, and a quad face has four edges. A polygon is a coplanar set of faces. In systems that support multi-sided faces ...
However, it is possible for a polygon to have no exposed ears. [6] Ears are a special case of a principal vertex, a vertex such that the line segment connecting the vertex's neighbors does not cross the polygon or touch any other vertex of it. A principal vertex for which this line segment lies outside the polygon is called a mouth. Analogously ...
The convex forms are listed in order of degree of vertex configurations from 3 faces/vertex and up, and in increasing sides per face. This ordering allows topological similarities to be shown. There are infinitely many prisms and antiprisms, one for each regular polygon; the ones up to the 12-gonal cases are listed.
Faces on a vertex figure are considered to progress in one direction. Some uniform polyhedra have vertex figures with inversions where the faces progress retrograde. A vertex figure represents this in the star polygon notation of sides p/q such that p<2q, where p is the number of sides and q the number of turns around a circle. For example, "3/ ...