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In computing, echo is a command that outputs the strings that are passed to it as arguments. It is a command available in various operating system shells and typically used in shell scripts and batch files to output status text to the screen [1] or a computer file, or as a source part of a pipeline.
The ECHO command prints its own arguments back out to the DOS equivalent of the standard output stream. (Hence the name, ECHO) Usually, this means directly to the screen, but the output of echo can be redirected, like any other command, to files or devices. Often used in batch files to print text out to the user.
A batch file may contain any command the interpreter accepts interactively and use constructs that enable conditional branching and looping within the batch file, such as IF, FOR, and GOTO labels. The term "batch" is from batch processing, meaning "non-interactive execution", though a batch file might not process a batch of multiple data.
LANG = C tr a-z A-Z <<- END_TEXT Here doc with <<-A single space character (i.e. 0x20 ) is at the beginning of this line This line begins with a single TAB character i.e 0x09 as does the next line END_TEXT echo The intended end was before this line echo and these were not processed by tr echo +++++ LANG = C tr a-z A-Z << END_TEXT Here doc with ...
file.s is a command-line argument which tells the program rm to remove the file named file.s. Some programming languages, such as C , C++ and Java , allow a program to interpret the command-line arguments by handling them as string parameters in the main function .
The batch size refers to the number of work units to be processed within one batch operation. Some examples are: The number of lines from a file to load into a database before committing the transaction. The number of messages to dequeue from a queue. The number of requests to send within one payload.
The batch file below gives the user three choices. [13] The user is directed depending upon his input by evaluating the exit code using the IF ERRORLEVEL command (which tests on "greater or equal"). The selected choice is then printed to the screen using the ECHO command.
In computing, pushd and popd are a pair of commands which allow users to quickly switch between the current and previous directory when using the command line. When called, they use a directory stack to sequentially save and retrieve directories visited by the user.