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As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] : 104 Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants.
Abrin is an extremely toxic toxalbumin found in the seeds of the rosary pea (or jequirity pea), Abrus precatorius.It has a median lethal dose of 0.7 micrograms per kilogram of body mass when given to mice intravenously (approximately 3.86 times more toxic than ricin, being 2.7 micrograms per kilogram). [1]
Many plants commonly used as food possess toxic parts, are toxic unless processed, or are toxic at certain stages of their lives. Some only pose a serious threat to certain animals (such as cats, dogs, or livestock) or certain types of people (such as infants, the elderly, or the immunocompromised).
Phaeophytin a: [1] a gray-brown pigment; Phaeophytin b: [1] a yellow-brown pigment; Chlorophyll a: a blue-green pigment; Chlorophyll b: a yellow-green pigment; Chlorophyll a is the most common of the six, present in every plant that performs photosynthesis. Each pigment absorbs light more efficiently in a different part of the electromagnetic ...
Phytochemicals are chemicals of plant origin. [1] Phytochemicals (from Greek phyto, meaning "plant") are chemicals produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. [2] [3] They generally have biological activity in the plant host and play a role in plant growth or defense against competitors, pathogens, or predators. [2]
Polyphenols are thought to play diverse roles in the ecology of plants. These functions include: [41] Release and suppression of growth hormones such as auxin. UV screens to protect against ionizing radiation and to provide coloration (plant pigments). [5] Deterrence of herbivores (sensory properties). Prevention of microbial infections ...
Zeaxanthin is the pigment that gives paprika, corn, saffron, wolfberries (goji), and many other plants their characteristic colors of red, orange or yellow. [2] [18] Spirulina is also a rich source and can serve as a dietary supplement. [25] Zeaxanthin breaks down to form picrocrocin and safranal, which are responsible for the taste and aroma ...
Content of anthocyanins in the leaves of colorful plant foods such as purple corn, blueberries, or lingonberries, is about ten times higher than in the edible kernels or fruit. [41] [42] The color spectrum of grape berry leaves may be analysed to evaluate the amount of anthocyanins.