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The most common type of coupling reaction is the cross coupling reaction. [1] [2] [3] Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions. [4] [5] Broadly speaking, two types of coupling reactions are recognized:
In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this:
The coupling of 2-chlorobenzoic acid and aniline is illustrative: [4] C 6 H 5 NH 2 + ClC 6 H 4 CO 2 H + KOH → C 6 H 5 N(H)−C 6 H 4 CO 2 H + KCl + H 2 O. A typical catalyst is formed from copper(I) iodide and phenanthroline. The reaction is an alternative to the Buchwald–Hartwig amination reaction.
In organic synthesis this reaction is often replaced by palladium coupling reactions such as the Heck reaction, the Hiyama coupling, and the Sonogashira coupling In a variation of the Ullmann reaction, β- bromo styrene is reacted with imidazole in an ionic liquid such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate to give an N ...
Victaulic specializes in the development of couplings, valves, and fitting technologies for a variety of industries. Its main products are: Grooved couplings used to join mechanical pipes together. [3] The company produces a variety of these grooved couplings along with other technologies since it was founded. [4]
The Hiyama coupling is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of organosilanes with organic halides used in organic chemistry to form carbon–carbon bonds (C-C bonds). This reaction was discovered in 1988 by Tamejiro Hiyama and Yasuo Hatanaka as a method to form carbon-carbon bonds synthetically with chemo - and regioselectivity . [ 1 ]
The Fukuyama coupling is a coupling reaction taking place between a thioester and an organozinc halide in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The reaction product is a ketone . This reaction was discovered by Tohru Fukuyama et al. in 1998.
The Liebeskind–Srogl coupling reaction is an organic reaction forming a new carbon–carbon bond from a thioester and a boronic acid using a metal catalyst. It is a cross-coupling reaction . [ 1 ] This reaction was invented by and named after Jiri Srogl from the Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic, and Lanny S. Liebeskind from Emory ...