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Aristotle. Aristotle[A] (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; [B] 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts.
Aristotelianism (/ ˌærɪstəˈtiːliənɪzəm / ARR-i-stə-TEE-lee-ə-niz-əm) is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by deductive logic and an analytic inductive method in the study of natural philosophy and metaphysics. It covers the treatment of the social sciences under a system of natural law.
Aristotle's remarks on the concept of what came to be called the "active intellect" and "passive intellect" (along with various other terms) are amongst "the most intensely studied sentences in the history of philosophy". [26] The terms are derived from a single passage in Aristotle's De Anima, Book III.
Categories (Aristotle) The Categories (Greek Κατηγορίαι Katēgoriai; Latin Categoriae or Praedicamenta) is a text from Aristotle 's Organon that enumerates all the possible kinds of things that can be the subject or the predicate of a proposition. They are "perhaps the single most heavily discussed of all Aristotelian notions". [ 1 ]
Four causes. Aristotle 's Four Causes illustrated for a table: material (wood), formal (structure), efficient (carpentry), final (dining). The four causes or four explanations are, in Aristotelian thought, four fundamental types of answer to the question "why?" in analysis of change or movement in nature: the material, the formal, the efficient ...
Arete (Ancient Greek: ἀρετή, romanized:aretḗ) is a concept in ancient Greek thought that, in its most basic sense, refers to "excellence" of any kind [ 1 ] —especially a person or thing's "full realization of potential or inherent function." [ 2 ] The term may also refer to excellence in " moral virtue." [ 1 ]
Politeuma is the word describing the political situation of the community of citizens in a city/state, and kathestos means also the general situation of an object, an agreement, or something else. Politeia is derived from both the root word polis meaning "city" or "state", [5] and from the verb politeuomai that means "I am living as an active ...
Although Aristotle does not call them "categorical sentences", tradition does; he deals with them briefly in the Analytics and more extensively in On Interpretation. [4] Each proposition (statement that is a thought of the kind expressible by a declarative sentence) [ 5 ] of a syllogism is a categorical sentence which has a subject and a ...