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The Carius halogen method in analytical chemistry is a method for the quantitative determination of halogens in chemical substances. [1]A known mass of an organic compound is heated with fuming nitric acid in the presence of silver nitrate contained in a hard glass tube known as carius tube, in a furnace.
The Carius halogen method measures halides quantitatively. [1] Chemical tests for cyanide test for the presence of cyanide, CN −; Copper sulfate tests for the presence of water; Flame tests test for metals; The Gilman test tests for the presence of a Grignard reagent; The Kjeldahl method quantitatively determines the presence of nitrogen
In chemistry, the haloform reaction (also referred to as the Lieben haloform reaction) is a chemical reaction in which a haloform (CHX 3, where X is a halogen) is produced by the exhaustive halogenation of an acetyl group (R−C(=O)CH 3, where R can be either a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or an aryl group), in the presence of a base.
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. [1] This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging.
The sodium fusion test, or Lassaigne's test, is used in elemental analysis for the qualitative determination of the presence of foreign elements, namely halogens, nitrogen, and sulfur, in an organic compound. It was developed by J. L. Lassaigne. [1] The test involves heating the sample with sodium metal, "fusing" it with the sample. A variety ...
Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) is a measure of the organic halogen load at a sampling site such as soil from a land fill, water, or sewage waste. [1] The procedure measures chlorine, bromine, and iodine as equivalent halogens, but does not measure fluorine levels in the sample.
Halogenation of benzene where X is the halogen, catalyst represents the catalyst (if needed) and HX represents the protonated base. A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol , will react without a catalyst , but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst .
In acidic solution, usually only one alpha hydrogen is replaced by a halogen, as each successive halogenation is slower than the first. The halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, thus making protonation less favorable. However, in basic solutions, successive halogenation is more rapid due to inductive electron withdrawal by the ...