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E10 became the standard fuel at petrol stations in the United Kingdom as of September 2021. [10] E10 was introduced nationwide in Thailand in 2007, and replaced 91 octane pure gasoline in that country in 2013. [11] E10 is commonly available in the Midwestern United States.
Australia: "regular" unleaded fuel is 91 RON, "premium" unleaded with 95 RON is widely available, and 98 RON fuel is also very common. Shell used to sell 100 RON fuel (5% ethanol content) from a small number of service stations, most of which are located in major cities (stopped in August 2008).
Burning E10 produces about 2.119 kilograms per liter (17.68 lb/U.S. gal) of CO 2 that is emitted from the fossil fuel content. If the CO 2 emissions from ethanol combustion are considered, then about 2.271 kilograms per liter (18.95 lb/U.S. gal) of CO 2 are produced when E10 is combusted. [78]
The energy content of ethanol is 76,100 BTU/US gal (5.89 kilowatt-hours per litre), compared to 114,100 BTU/US gal (8.83 kWh/L) for gasoline. (see chart above) A flex-fuel vehicle will experience about 76% of the fuel mileage MPG when using E85 (85% ethanol) products as compared to 100% gasoline.
Regular Unleaded Mid-Grade Unleaded Premium Unleaded Notes Alabama: 87 89 93 Alaska: 87 88.5 90 Arizona: 87 89 91 Arkansas: 87 89 91/93 Northwest Arkansas primarily sells 87/89/91 octane. 93 octane is available at select Kum & Go's in the Northwest and Central regions of the state. California: 87 89 91 Colorado: 85 87 91 Connecticut: 87 89 93
Legislation in Australia imposes a 10% cap on the concentration of fuel ethanol blends. Blends of 90% unleaded petrol and 10% fuel ethanol are commonly referred to as E10. E10 is available through service stations operating under the BP, Caltex, Shell and United brands as well as those of a number of smaller independents.
Sugarcane ethanol has an energy balance seven times greater than corn ethanol. [101] As of 2007, Brazilian distiller production costs were 22 cents per liter, compared with 30 cents per liter for corn-based ethanol. [102] Corn-derived ethanol costs 30% more because the corn starch must first be converted to sugar before distillation into ...
By 1941, principally through the efforts of the Cooperative Fuel Research Committee, the number of grades for aviation fuels was reduced to three: 73, 91, and 100 octane. [ 39 ] The development of 100-octane aviation gasoline on an economic scale was due in part to Jimmy Doolittle , who had become Aviation Manager of Shell Oil Company.