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Nissan Leaf cutaway showing part of the battery in 2009. An electric vehicle battery is a rechargeable battery used to power the electric motors of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). They are typically lithium-ion batteries that are designed for high power-to-weight ratio and energy density.
The electric vehicle battery accounts for 30–40% of the value of the vehicle. [1] Around one-third of the battery's weight is the housing and cooling system. The cathode makes up another 20% and the anode another 10%. [2] Three types of batteries dominate the electric vehicle market.
In early 2022, Swiss Clean Battery (SCB) announced plans to open the world's first factory for sustainable solid-state batteries in Frauenfeld by 2024 with an initial annual production of 1.2 GWh. [42] In July 2022, Svolt announced the production of a 20 Ah electric battery with an energy density of 350-400 Wh/kg. [43]
The lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO 4 battery) or LFP battery (lithium ferrophosphate) is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4) as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode.
A solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is a solid ionic conductor and electron-insulating material and it is the characteristic component of the solid-state battery. It is useful for applications in electrical energy storage (EES) in substitution of the liquid electrolytes found in particular in lithium-ion battery .
For example, an NMC molar composition of 33% nickel, 33% manganese, and 33% cobalt would abbreviate to NMC111 (also NMC333 or NCM333) and have a chemical formula of LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2. A composition of 50% nickel, 30% manganese, and 20% cobalt would be called NMC532 (or NCM523) and have the formula LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2.
A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.
A lithium-titanate battery is a modified lithium-ion battery that uses lithium-titanate nanocrystals, instead of carbon, on the surface of its anode.This gives the anode a surface area of about 100 square meters per gram, compared with 3 square meters per gram for carbon, allowing electrons to enter and leave the anode quickly.