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Classification is a part of many different kinds of activities and is studied from many different points of view including medicine, philosophy, law, anthropology, biology, taxonomy, cognition, communications, knowledge organization, psychology, statistics, machine learning, economics and mathematics.
Categorization is a type of cognition involving conceptual differentiation between characteristics of conscious experience, such as objects, events, or ideas.It involves the abstraction and differentiation of aspects of experience by sorting and distinguishing between groupings, through classification or typification [1] [2] on the basis of traits, features, similarities or other criteria that ...
Prototype theory is a theory of categorization in cognitive science, particularly in psychology and cognitive linguistics, in which there is a graded degree of belonging to a conceptual category, and some members are more central than others.
Suppose a pair (,) takes values in {,, …,}, where is the class label of an element whose features are given by .Assume that the conditional distribution of X, given that the label Y takes the value r is given by (=) =,, …, where "" means "is distributed as", and where denotes a probability distribution.
Bloom's taxonomy is a framework for categorizing educational goals, developed by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom in 1956. It was first introduced in the publication Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals.
The process of abstraction required to discover the number and names of the categories of being has been undertaken by many philosophers since Aristotle and involves the careful inspection of each concept to ensure that there is no higher category or categories under which that concept could be subsumed. [5]
Classification of life into two main divisions is not a new concept, with the first such proposal by French biologist Édouard Chatton in 1938. Chatton distinguished organisms into: Procaryotes (including bacteria) Eucaryotes (including protozoans) [14] These were later named empires, and Chatton's classification as the two-empire system. [15]
Classification theory may refer to: For the task of allocating things to classes or categories reliably, see Classification; For the task of devising classes or categories (and potentially then allocating things to them), see Taxonomy and Library science; For the science of finding, describing and categorising organisms see alpha taxonomy