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The purposed run-time power estimation requires a first order linear operation on a single power metric, reducing estimation overhead. [14] The Instruction per Cycle (IPC) can be used as the metric to characterize the performance of modern processors.
The desktop computer power supply converts the alternating current (AC) from a wall socket of mains electricity to a low-voltage direct current (DC) to operate the motherboard, processor and peripheral devices. Several direct-current voltages are required, and they must be regulated with some accuracy to provide stable operation of the computer.
A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The main purpose of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. As a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are ...
The connector first appeared in the Nvidia RTX 40 GPUs. [5] [6] The prior Nvidia RTX 30 series introduced a similar, proprietary connector in the "Founder's Edition" cards, which also uses an arrangement of twelve pins for power, but did not have the sense pins, except for the connector on the founders edition RTX 3090 Ti (though not present on the adapter supplied with those cards.) [7]
In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the pass transistor. The switched-mode power supply's higher electrical efficiency is an important advantage. Switched-mode power supplies can also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply because the transformer can be much smaller.
The ATX specification defines the Power-Good signal as a +5-volt (V) signal generated in the power supply when it has passed its internal self-tests and the outputs have stabilized. This normally takes between 0.1 and 0.5 seconds after the power supply is switched on.
A regulated power supply is an embedded circuit; it converts unregulated AC (alternating current) into a constant DC. With the help of a rectifier it converts AC supply into DC. Its function is to supply a stable voltage (or less often current), to a circuit or device that must be operated within certain power supply limits.
#PS_ON pin is marked by number 16. PS-ON Signal is a pin on a 20-pin or 24-pin ATX-specified power connector used to turn a personal computer power supply unit on/off. The PS_ON pin is normally pulled high in an open-circuit, but will turn on the power supply when it is pulled low, by shorting it to the common signal (COM).