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In phonetics and phonology, a retroflex stop is a type of consonantal sound, made with the tongue curled back and in contact with area behind the alveolar ridge or with the hard palate (hence retroflex), held tightly enough to block the passage of air (hence a stop consonant).
The voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia .
Marathi used to have a /t͡sʰ/ but it merged with /s/. [4] Some speakers pronounce /d͡z, d͡zʱ/ as fricatives but the aspiration is maintained in /zʱ/. [4] A defining feature of the Marathi language is the split of Indo-Aryan ल /la/ into a retroflex lateral flap ळ (ḷa) and alveolar ल (la). It shares this feature with Punjabi.
The voiced retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɖ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d` .
Additionally, there is ळ ḷa (IPA: or ), the intervocalic lateral flap allophone of the voiced retroflex stop in Vedic Sanskrit, which is a phoneme in languages such as Marathi, Konkani, Garhwali, and Rajasthani. [56] Beyond the Sanskritic set, new shapes have rarely been formulated.
Whether the actual place of articulation of this sound was truly retroflex or was dental (and just orthographically represented as a retroflex nasal) is debated. Regardless, this sound regularly becomes Hindustani dental n later on (but intervocalically, the sound becomes ṇ in other languages like Marathi, Gujarati, and Punjabi). [8]
In Asturian, ḷḷ (underdotted double ll) represents the voiced retroflex plosive or the voiceless retroflex affricate, depending on dialect, and ḥ (underdotted h) the voiceless glottal fricative. In the O'odham language, Ḍ (d with underdot) represents a voiced retroflex stop.
The voiced alveolar, dental and postalveolar plosives (or stops) are types of consonantal sounds used in many spoken languages.The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is d (although the symbol d̪ can be used to distinguish the dental plosive, and d̠ the postalveolar), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d.