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An important source on the Carthaginian pantheon is a treaty between Hamilcar of Carthage and Philip III of Macedon preserved by the second-century BC Greek historian Polybius which lists the Carthaginian gods under Greek names, in a set of three triads.
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Hamilcar the Rhodian — possibly Carthaginian spy in the entourage of Alexander the Great, executed when returning to Carthage Hamilcar, son of Gisgo and grandson to Hanno the Great (d. 309 BC) — commander in the Third Sicilian War, captured during the Siege of Syracuse and then killed in 309 BC
The meaning of his first name "Baal" is identified as one of the Phoenician deities covered under the name of Baal. [4] However, the meaning of his second name "Hammon" is a syncretic association with Amun, the god of ancient Libya [5] whose temple was in Siwa Oasis where the only oracle of Amun remained in that part of the Libyan Desert all throughout the ages [6] this connection to Amun ...
Pyrrhus overcame the Carthaginian garrison at Heraclea Minoa and seized Azones, which prompted cities nominally allied to Carthage, such as Selinus, Halicyae, and Segesta, to join his side. The Carthaginian stronghold of Eryx, which had strong natural defenses and a large garrison, held out for a long period of time, but was eventually taken.
The name Carthage (/ ˈ k ɑːr θ ɪ dʒ / KAR-thij) is the Early Modern anglicisation of Middle French Carthage /kartaʒə/, [12] from Latin Carthāgō and Karthāgō (cf. Greek Karkhēdōn (Καρχηδών) and Etruscan *Carθaza) from the Punic qrt-ḥdšt (𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 ) "new city", [b] implying it was a "new Tyre". [14]
The contribution of autochthonous North African populations in Carthaginian history is obscured by the use of terms like "Western Phoenicians", and even to an extent, "Punic", in the literature to refer to Carthaginians, as it implies a primarily colonial population and diminishes indigenous involvement in the Carthaginian Empire.
Tanit or Tinnit (Punic: 𐤕𐤍𐤕 Tīnnīt [3]) was a chief deity of Ancient Carthage; she derives from a local Berber deity and the consort of Baal Hammon. [a] [5] [6] As Ammon is a local Libyan deity, [7] so is Tannit, who represents the matriarchal aspect of Numidian society, [2] whom the Egyptians identify as Neith and the Greeks identify as Athena.