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The term human biocomputer, coined by Lilly, refers to the "hardware" of the human anatomy. This would include the brain , internal organs , and other human organ systems such as cardiovascular , digestive , endocrine , immune , integumentary , lymphatic , muscular , nervous , reproductive , respiratory , skeletal , and urinary systems.
These models have become increasingly accurate with respect to the internal structure of the human body. As computing evolved, so did the phantoms. Graduating from phantoms based on simple quadratic equations to voxelized phantoms, which were based on actual medical images of the human body, was a major step.
The Visible Human Project is an effort to create a detailed data set of cross-sectional photographs of the human body, in order to facilitate anatomy visualization applications. It is used as a tool for the progression of medical findings, in which these findings link anatomy to its audiences. [ 1 ]
Computational anatomy is an interdisciplinary field of biology focused on quantitative investigation and modelling of anatomical shapes variability. [1] [2] It involves the development and application of mathematical, statistical and data-analytical methods for modelling and simulation of biological structures.
The initial concepts that led to the Virtual Physiological Human initiative came from the IUPS Physiome Project.The project was started in 1997 and represented the first worldwide effort to define the physiome through the development of databases and models which facilitated the understanding of the integrative function of cells, organs, and organisms. [7]
The three primary goals of the project are to better understand how the pieces of the brain fit and work together, to understand how to objectively diagnose and treat brain diseases and to use the understanding of the human brain to develop neuromorphic computers.
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Primal Pictures is a business established in 1991 that provides 3D graphic renderings of human anatomy, built using real scan data from the Visible Human Project, for use by healthcare students, educators, and medical professionals. It operates the Anatomy.tv online platform. [1]