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In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [1] protecting a computer system.A common approach (brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [2]
A brute-force attack is a cryptanalytic attack that can, in theory, be used to attempt to decrypt any encrypted data (except for data encrypted in an information-theoretically secure manner). [1] Such an attack might be used when it is not possible to take advantage of other weaknesses in an encryption system (if any exist) that would make the ...
Brute-force attack resistance: Maintain the resistance strength at a level that prevents the authentication process from being broken more easily than by a brute-force attack on a four-digit PIN. This policy follows the standard put forth in ISO 9564-1.
Even if a four-digit PIN is randomly selected, the key space is very small (or 10,000 possibilities), making PINs significantly easier to brute force than most passwords; someone with physical access to a handset secured with a PIN can therefore feasibly determine the PIN in a short time. [14]
A major security flaw was revealed in December 2011 that affects wireless routers with the WPS PIN feature, which most recent models have enabled by default. The flaw allows a remote attacker to recover the WPS PIN in a few hours with a brute-force attack and, with the WPS PIN, the network's WPA/WPA2 pre-shared key (PSK). [3]
Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password against guessing or brute-force attacks. In its usual form, it estimates how many trials an attacker who does not have direct access to the password would need, on average, to guess it correctly. The strength of a password is a function of length, complexity, and unpredictability ...
An individual’s PIN is the four-digit code they set after opening a debit account with their bank of choice. It is used as a layer of authentication when they perform an electronic transaction ...
It is the number of independent vertex sets in a 4×4 square grid, or equivalently, the number of distinct 4×4 binary matrices in which no two adjacent elements are both equal to 1. [ 2 ] A 2012 study of frequently-used personal identification numbers (PIN) found that, among 4-digit PIN codes, 1234 is the most frequently chosen.