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Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 35 ppt, 600 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium ( Na +
Liquid water has a density of approximately 1 g/cm 3 (1 g/mL). Thus 100 mL of water is equal to approximately 100 g. Thus 100 mL of water is equal to approximately 100 g. Therefore, a solution with 1 g of solute dissolved in final volume of 100 mL aqueous solution may also be considered 1% m/m (1 g solute in 99 g water).
where TDS is expressed in mg/L and EC is the electrical conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 °C. The conversion factor k e varies between 0.55 and 0.8. [5] Some TDS meters use an electrical conductivity measurement to the ppm using the above formula. Regarding units, 1 ppm indicates 1 mg of dissolved solids per 1,000 g of water. [6]
It contains coupled non-linear equations that are derived from the Gibbs function. These equations are formulated in the equation of state of seawater, also called the equation of seawater. This equation relates the thermodynamic properties of the ocean (density, temperature, salinity and pressure). These equations are based on empirical ...
Seawater typically has a mass salinity of around 35 g/kg, although lower values are typical near coasts where rivers enter the ocean. Rivers and lakes can have a wide range of salinities, from less than 0.01 g/kg [3] to a few g/kg, although there are many places where higher salinities are found. The Dead Sea has a salinity of more than 200 g ...
The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...
For the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of seawater and ice, TEOS-10 uses the specific Gibbs potential g(T,P)=G/m, G=F+pV, because the pressure is a more easily measurable property than density in a geophysical context.
To create the solution, 11.6 g NaCl is placed in a volumetric flask, dissolved in some water, then followed by the addition of more water until the total volume reaches 100 mL. The density of water is approximately 1000 g/L and its molar mass is 18.02 g/mol (or 1/18.02 = 0.055 mol/g). Therefore, the molar concentration of water is c(H 2 O ...