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The nature of the materials resulted in inherent limits to a building's height and the maximum size of window openings. [citation needed] The development and widespread use of structural steel and later reinforced concrete allowed relatively small columns to support large loads. The exterior walls could be non-load bearing, and thus much ...
The earliest form of window tracery, typical of Gothic architecture before the early 13th century, is known as plate tracery because the individual lights (the glazed openings in the window) have the appearance of being cut out of a flat plate of masonry. Romanesque church windows were normally quite small, somewhat taller than wide and with a ...
sill - a stud sized member forming the base of a window assembly or the base of wall. mudsill - a stud sized member that forms the base of a wall and has been treated against insects and decay. top plate or double top plate - a stud sized member that forms the top of the wall. In cases where other members must bear or brace on the top of the ...
Construction of a four-centred arch. A four-centred arch (Commonwealth spelling) or four-centered arch (American spelling) is a low, wide type of arch with a pointed apex.Its structure is achieved by drafting two arcs which rise steeply from each springing point on a small radius, and then turning into two arches with a wide radius and much lower springing point.
Splayed arch tops the splayed window opening. In architecture, a splayed opening is a wall opening that is narrower on one side of the wall and wider on another. When used for a splayed window, it allows more light to enter the room. In fortifications, a splayed opening is used to broaden the arc of fire (cf. embrasure, loophole). [1]
A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof, or vehicle that allows the exchange of light and may also allow the passage of sound and sometimes air.Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in some other transparent or translucent material, a sash set in a frame [1] in the opening; the sash and frame are also referred to as a window. [2]
Robinson's system called for standard 2×4 lumber, nailed together to form a sturdy, light skeleton. Builders were reluctant to adopt the new technology; however, by the 1880s, some form of 2×4 framing was standard. [25] Alternatively, a precursor to the balloon frame may have been used by the French in Missouri as much as 31 years earlier. [17]
Opening both the top and bottom of a sash window by equal amounts allows warm air at the top of the room to escape, thus drawing relatively cool air from outside into the room through the bottom opening. A double-hung window where the upper sash is smaller (shorter) than the lower is termed a cottage window. [citation needed]