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Pulmonary (or pulmonic [4]) regurgitation (or insufficiency, incompetence) is a condition in which the pulmonary valve is incompetent [5] and allows backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle of the heart during diastole. [6] While a small amount of backflow may occur ordinarily, it is usually only shown on an echocardiogram and ...
Cardiac symptoms of heart failure include chest pain/pressure and palpitations.Common noncardiac signs and symptoms of heart failure include loss of appetite, nausea, weight loss, bloating, fatigue, weakness, low urine output, waking up at night to urinate, and cerebral symptoms of varying severity, ranging from anxiety to memory impairment and confusion.
By far the most serious adverse event is the occurrence of acute severe mitral regurgitation. Severe mitral regurgitation usually results from a tear in one of the valve leaflets or the subvalvular apparatus. It can lead to pulmonary edema and hemodynamic compromise, necessitating urgent surgical mitral valve replacement. [citation needed]
In 1994, a new definition was recommended by the American-European Consensus Conference Committee [6] [10] which recognized the variability in severity of pulmonary injury. [51] The definition required the following criteria to be met: acute onset, persistent dyspnea; bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph consistent with pulmonary edema
Regurgitation in or near the heart is often caused by valvular insufficiency (insufficient function, with incomplete closure, of the heart valves); for example, aortic valve insufficiency causes regurgitation through that valve, called aortic regurgitation, and the terms aortic insufficiency and aortic regurgitation are so closely linked as ...
Since the main causes of right ventricular hypertrophy is tricuspid regurgitation or pulmonary hypertension (discussed above), management involves treatment of these conditions. [3] Tricuspid regurgitation is typically treated conservatively by aiming to treat the underlying cause and following up the patient regularly. [ 12 ]
Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean PAP of at least 20 mm Hg (3300 Pa) at rest, and PAH is defined as precapillary pulmonary hypertension (i.e. mean PAP ≥ 20 mm Hg with pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure [PAOP] ≤ 15 mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR] > 3 Wood Units). [58]
As in all types of shock, low blood pressure is a key finding in patients with obstructive shock. [3] [9] In response to low blood pressure, heart rate increases.Shortness of breath, tachypnea, and hypoxia may be present.