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The units of the amplitude depend on the type of wave, but are always in the same units as the oscillating variable. A more general representation of the wave equation is more complex, but the role of amplitude remains analogous to this simple case. For waves on a string, or in a medium such as water, the amplitude is a displacement.
A simple form of amplitude modulation is the transmission of speech signals from a traditional analog telephone set using a common battery local loop. [3] The direct current provided by the central office battery is a carrier with a frequency of 0 Hz.
Simple examples of periodic waveforms include the following, where is time, is wavelength, is amplitude and is phase: . Sine wave: (,,,) = . The amplitude of the waveform follows a trigonometric sine function with respect to time.
The modulus of the number is the amplitude of that component, and the argument is the relative phase of the wave. For example, using the Fourier transform, a sound wave, such as human speech, can be broken down into its component tones of different frequencies, each represented by a sine wave of a different amplitude and phase. The response of ...
Illustration of the envelope (the slowly varying red curve) of an amplitude-modulated wave. The fast varying blue curve is the carrier wave, which is being modulated. The amplitude of a wave may be constant (in which case the wave is a c.w. or continuous wave), or may be modulated so as to vary with time and/or
1 Mathematical definition. 2 ... but sound intensity is a specifically defined quantity and cannot be sensed by a simple microphone. ... is the amplitude of the sound ...
If the filter shows amplitude ripple within the passband, the x dB point refers to the point where the gain is x dB below the nominal passband gain rather than x dB below the maximum gain. In signal processing and control theory the bandwidth is the frequency at which the closed-loop system gain drops 3 dB below peak.
where the amplitude of the modulating sinusoid is represented in the peak deviation = (see frequency deviation). The harmonic distribution of a sine wave carrier modulated by such a sinusoidal signal can be represented with Bessel functions ; this provides the basis for a mathematical understanding of frequency modulation in the frequency domain.