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Mumbai has a drainage system, which in many places, are more than 100 years old, consisting of 2,000 km of open drains, 440 km of closed drains, 186 outfalls and more than 30,000 water entrances. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The capacity of most of the drains is around 25 mm of rain per hour during low tide , [ 4 ] which is exceeded routinely during the ...
View of Cock up Bridge, Burwell Lode and Swaffham Internal Drainage Board channel, Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire An internal drainage board (IDB) is a type of operating authority which is established in areas of special drainage need in England and Wales with permissive powers to undertake work to secure clean water drainage and water level management within drainage districts.
Subsurface drains, on the other hand, are designed to manage water that seeps into the soil beneath the planting surface. French drains, which are gravel-filled trenches with perforated pipes at the bottom, are the most common type of subsurface drain. Trench drains, which are similar but shallower and wider, are also used in some situations. [4]
development of long-term asset management programs to repair and replace aging infrastructure; revision of current stormwater regulations to address comprehensive stormwater needs; enhancement and enforcement of existing ordinances to make sure property owners consider the effects of stormwater before, during and after development of their land;
Retention ponds such as this one in Dunfermline, Scotland, are considered components of a sustainable drainage system. Sustainable drainage systems (also known as SuDS, [1] SUDS, [2] [3] or sustainable urban drainage systems [4]) are a collection of water management practices that aim to align modern drainage systems with natural water processes and are part of a larger green infrastructure ...
Storm water is typically channeled to a retention basin through a system of street and/or parking lot storm drains, and a network of drain channels or underground pipes.. The basins are designed to allow relatively large flows of water to enter, but discharges to receiving waters are limited by outlet structures that function only during very large storm eve
Deep collector drain. The main drainage systems consist of deep or shallow collectors, and main drains or disposal drains. Deep collector drains are required for subsurface field drainage systems, whereas shallow collector drains are used for surface field drainage systems, but they can also be used for pumped subsurface systems.
The outlet is generally a restricted-flow drain from the detention vessel, with a weir for containing detritus. [3] Detention vessels delay water's delivery downstream, and possibly creates a later water level peak post-rainfall. It is important to consider timing of water release and the types of reservoirs feeding a waterway. [7]