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Foundations of Algebraic Geometry is a book by André Weil (1946, 1962) that develops algebraic geometry over fields of any characteristic. In particular it gives a careful treatment of intersection theory by defining the local intersection multiplicity of two subvarieties .
Geometry of numbers is the part of number theory which uses geometry for the study of algebraic numbers. Typically, a ring of algebraic integers is viewed as a lattice in R n , {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n},} and the study of these lattices provides fundamental information on algebraic numbers. [ 1 ]
A Kähler manifold is a Riemannian manifold of even dimension whose holonomy group is contained in the unitary group (). [3] Equivalently, there is a complex structure on the tangent space of at each point (that is, a real linear map from to itself with =) such that preserves the metric (meaning that (,) = (,)) and is preserved by parallel transport.
To a system of points, straight lines, and planes, it is impossible to add other elements in such a manner that the system thus generalized shall form a new geometry obeying all of the five groups of axioms. In other words, the elements of geometry form a system which is not susceptible of extension, if we regard the five groups of axioms as valid.
The book advocates replacing the usual basic quantities of trigonometry, Euclidean distance and angle measure, by squared distance and the square of the sine of the angle, respectively. This is logically equivalent to the standard development (as the replacement quantities can be expressed in terms of the standard ones and vice versa).
In mathematics, specifically algebraic geometry, a scheme is a structure that enlarges the notion of algebraic variety in several ways, such as taking account of multiplicities (the equations x = 0 and x 2 = 0 define the same algebraic variety but different schemes) and allowing "varieties" defined over any commutative ring (for example, Fermat curves are defined over the integers).
A plane conic passing through the circular points at infinity. For real projective geometry this is much the same as a circle in the usual sense, but for complex projective geometry it is different: for example, circles have underlying topological spaces given by a 2-sphere rather than a 1-sphere. circuit A component of a real algebraic curve.
The thirteen books cover Euclidean geometry and the ancient Greek version of elementary number theory. With the exception of Autolycus' On the Moving Sphere, the Elements is one of the oldest extant Greek mathematical treatises, [9] and it is the oldest extant axiomatic deductive treatment of mathematics.