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Traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea is the most common type of CSF rhinorrhoea. [1] It may be due to severe head injury, or from complications from neurosurgery. [1] Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea is the most common acquired defect in the skull base bones (anterior cranial fossa) causing spontaneous nasal liquorrhea.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates. CSF is produced by specialized ependymal cells in the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain, and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations. In humans, there is about 125 mL of CSF at any one time ...
An analysis of 17 studies published over the past 30 years regarding children with CSF shunt infections revealed that treating with both shunt removal and antibiotics successfully treated 88% of 244 infections, while antibiotic therapy alone successfully treated the CSF shunt infection in only 33% of 230 infections. [28] [32]
It is most common in children, especially those younger than age 3, and usually occurs several weeks following a viral infection. Viral infections that may cause it include chickenpox , Coxsackie disease (also called hand-foot-and-mouth disease), Epstein–Barr virus (a common human virus that belongs to the herpes family), influenza , [ 2 ...
Lymphocytic pleocytosis is an abnormal increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is usually considered to be a sign of infection or inflammation within the nervous system , and is encountered in a number of neurological diseases , such as pseudomigraine, Susac's syndrome, and encephalitis.
While the disease can occur in both children and adults, it is more common in children. [1] Rates of infection tend to reach a peak in the summer and fall. [29] During an outbreak in Romania and in Spain viral meningitis was more common among adults. [30] While, people aged younger than 15 made up 33.8% of cases. [30]
Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as irritability, drowsiness, or poor feeding. [1] A non-blanching rash (a rash that does not fade when a glass is rolled over it) may also be present. [11] The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. [12]