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Howard Walter Florey was born in Malvern, a southern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, on 24 September 1898. [2] His surname rhymes with "sorry". [3] He was the only son of Joseph Florey, a bootmaker from Oxfordshire in England, who as a boy moved to London where Florey's grandfather established a bootmaking business.
Dr Ernst Chain undertakes an experiment in his laboratory at the School of Pathology at Oxford University in 1944 Ernst Chain in his laboratory. Chain was born in Berlin, the son of Margarete (née Eisner) and Michael Chain, a chemist and industrialist dealing in chemical products. [12] [13] His family was of both Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jewish ...
Florey, Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford were working on the medical applications of penicillin, as produced by the mould Penicillium notatum, and attempting to isolate quantities of penicillin from the mould large enough for a human trial.
Yet while Fleming, Florey and Chain jointly received the Nobel Prize for their work in 1945, Heatley's contribution was not fully recognized for another 45 years. It was only in 1990 that he was awarded the unusual distinction of an Honorary Doctorate of Medicine from Oxford University, the first given to a non-medic in Oxford's 800-year ...
The secretary of the Nobel committee, Göran Liljestrand, made an assessment of Fleming and Florey in the same year, but little was known about penicillin in Sweden at the time, and he concluded that more information was required. The following year, there was one nomination for Fleming alone and one for Fleming, Florey and Chain.
Margaret Augusta Jennings, Baroness Florey (2 December 1904, Swanbourne – 14 November 1994), née Margaret Augusta Fremantle, [1] was a British scientist who was part of the group at the University of Oxford under Howard Florey who worked on the clinical application of penicillin.
Chain had wanted to apply for a patent but Florey had objected, arguing that penicillin should benefit all. [78] Florey sought the advice of Sir Henry Dale , the chairman of the Wellcome Trust and a member of the Scientific Advisory Panel to the British Cabinet , and John William Trevan, the director of the Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory.
GCSE Bitesize was launched in January 1998, covering seven subjects. For each subject, a one- or two-hour long TV programme would be broadcast overnight in the BBC Learning Zone block, and supporting material was available in books and on the BBC website. At the time, only around 9% of UK households had access to the internet at home.