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The reason for this is to distinguish between a file named '1' and stdout, i.e. cat file 2 >1 vs cat file 2 > & 1. In the first case, stderr is redirected to a file named ' 1 ' and in the second, stderr is redirected to stdout. Another useful capability is to redirect one standard file handle to another.
>> file means stdout will be appended at the end of file. >>& file means both stdout and stderr will be appended at the end of file. < file means stdin will be read from file. << string is a here document. Stdin will read the following lines up to the one that matches string. Redirecting stderr alone isn't possible without the aid of a sub-shell.
GUIs created with scripting tools like Zenity and KDialog by KDE project [10] make use of stdin, stdout, and stderr, and are based on simple scripts rather than a complete GUI programmed and compiled in C/C++ using Qt, GTK, or other equivalent proprietary widget framework.
Yes (stdin, stdout, stderr, stdout+stderr) Yes (via 4OS2.INI file, startup parameters, environment variables, SETDOS command) Yes (automatic via 4START.CMD / 4START.BTM as well as 4EXIT.CMD / 4EXIT.BTM files, or explicitly via /K startup.cmd option) Yes (via CALL command or /C and /K startup options) Yes ? TCC (formerly 4NT) Win32: TCC 1993
Early versions of Mac OS X shipped with tcsh as the default shell, but the default for new accounts became bash as of 10.3, then zsh as of 10.15. (tcsh is still provided, and upgrading the OS does not change the shell of any existing accounts). tcsh was the default root shell of FreeBSD prior to 14.0 (the current shell and default user shell in ...
Side-by-side assembly (SxS, or WinSxS on Microsoft Windows) technology is a standard for executable files in Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows 2000, and later versions of Windows that attempts to alleviate problems (collectively known as "DLL Hell") that arise from the use of dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) in Microsoft Windows.
Under Unix, devices are files too, so the normal type of file for the shell used for stdin, stdout and stderr is a tty device file. Another command-line interface allows a shell program to launch helper programs, either to launch documents or start a program.
tcsh and sh shell windows on a Mac OS X Leopard [1] desktop A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems . The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language , and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system ...