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Formative vs summative assessments. Formative assessment, formative evaluation, formative feedback, or assessment for learning, [1] including diagnostic testing, is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment.
Summative evaluation occurs at the end of a semester, usually a week or two before the last day of class. The evaluation is performed by the current students of the class. Students have the option to reflect on the teachers’ instruction without fear of punishment because course evaluations are completely confidential and anonymous.
The purpose of standards-based assessment [5] is to connect evidence of learning to learning outcomes (the standards). When standards are explicit and clear, the learner becomes aware of their achievement with reference to the standards, and the teacher may use assessment data to give meaningful feedback to students about this progress.
Using largely formative evaluation methods for gaining teacher feedback, [17] revised versions were put out after the first year's teaching experience. [10] By 1973, the revised version of all six courses had been completed. [10] The first three volumes were put into the public domain for any organization to use. [4]
Educational institutions usually require evaluation data to demonstrate effectiveness to funders and other stakeholders, and to provide a measure of performance for marketing purposes. Educational evaluation is also a professional activity that individual educators need to undertake if they intend to continuously review and enhance the learning ...
In this context, summative assessment is meant to meet the school or district's needs for teachers' accountability. The evaluation usually takes the shape of a form and consists of check lists and occasionally narratives. Areas evaluated include classroom climate, instruction, professionalism, planning and preparation. [7]
In an educational setting, a formative assessment might be a teacher (or peer) or the learner (e.g., through a self-assessment [11] [12]), providing feedback on a student's work and would not necessarily be used for grading purposes. Formative assessments can take the form of diagnostic, standardized tests, quizzes, oral questions, or draft work.