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The word combination "home birth" arose some time in the middle of the 19th century and coincided with the rise of births that took place in lying-in hospitals. [4] Since women around the world left homes to give birth in clinics and hospitals as the 20th century progressed, the term "home birth" came to refer to giving birth, intentionally or otherwise, in a residence as opposed to a hospital.
Free-standing birth centers require hospital backup in case complications arise during labor that require more complex care. However, even if a delivery cannot happen at the birth center due to a high-risk pregnancy, birth center midwives might provide prenatal care up to a certain week of gestation.
Natural childbirth may occur during a physician or midwife attended hospital birth, a midwife attended homebirth, or an unassisted birth. Natural childbirth is seen by some as empowering and a way to push back against paternalism and lack of patient say in the medical system. Other commentators describe it as a way to judge and shame women who ...
Before that it was assumed that puerperal fever was caused by a variety of sources, including the leakage of breast milk into the body and anxiety. Still, home births facilitated by trained midwives produced the best outcomes from 1880 to 1930 in the US and Europe, whereas physician-facilitated hospital births produced the worst.
Health care professional also cite recent studies [14] that have shown that hospital births have lower rates of perinatal death, neonatal death, 5-minute Apgar scores < 4, and neonatal seizures when compared to planned out-of-hospital births, including those with a midwife. Also of note, while hospital births are associated with higher rates of ...
However, all participants reported negative prior experience with maternity care where the women had felt there was a mismatch between their needs and the care they received. Women were more likely to report traumatic experiences about hospital births than midwife-attended home births, but there were negative experiences reported with both.
Midwives in the United States assist childbearing women during pregnancy, labor and birth, and the postpartum period.Some midwives also provide primary care for women including well-woman exams, health promotion, and disease prevention, family planning options, and care for common gynecological concerns.
From the most recent study in 2012, 100% of births in Trinidad and Tobago are attended by a health professional. [12] 97.4% of total births take place in an institution. [2] Of total births in Trinidad and Tobago, approximately 2% occur in the home, 83% in public hospitals, 14.7% in private hospitals, and 0.0025% at the Mamatoto Birth Centre. [13]