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Osteosclerosis is a disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density. It may predominantly affect the medullary portion and/or cortex of bone. Plain radiographs are a valuable tool for detecting and classifying osteosclerotic disorders. [1] [2] It can manifest in localized or generalized osteosclerosis.
The pelvic brim sign arises due to excessive bone resorption due to increased osteoclastic activity in the early stages of the disease leads to localized bone loss, as well as excessive bone formation during the later stages of the diseases. Compensatory osteoblastic activity results in thickened, sclerotic bone along the iliopubic line.
Bone lesions can be sclerotic, lytic with sclerotic rims, or a mixture of the two with a soup-bubble look. About half of the patients have a single bone lesion, whereas the other half have several lesions. The most prevalent locations for bone lesions are the pelvis, spine, ribs, and proximal extremities. [5]
Radiographs in osteoid osteoma typically show a round lucency, containing a dense sclerotic central nidus (the characteristic lesion in this kind of tumor) surrounded by sclerotic bone. The nidus is seldom larger than 1.5 cm. [citation needed] The lesion can in most cases be detected on CT scan, bone scans and angiograms.
Osteosclerosis, a condition where the bone density is significantly increased, resulting in decreased lucency on radiographs. Otosclerosis, a disease of the ears. Primary lateral sclerosis, progressive muscle weakness in the voluntary muscles. Primary sclerosing cholangitis, a hardening of the bile duct by scarring and repeated inflammation.
This removes the legs, the genitalia (internal and external), urinary system, pelvic bones, anus, and rectum. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a major procedure recommended only as a last resort for people with severe and potentially fatal illnesses such as osteomyelitis , tumors , severe traumas and intractable decubiti in, or around, the pelvis . [ 3 ]
Examples of pelvic reconstruction include the use of an allograft, autograft, or prosthesis to bridge the remaining ends of pelvic bone following resection. [1] [4] Arthrodesis is a technique that can be used in internal hemipelvectomy to fix the proximal femur to a segment of pelvic bone for the purposes of stabilizing the lower extremity. [1] [4]
A. Pelvic and lower extremity radiograph shows extensive calcification of the femoral arteries. B. Translumbar aortography shows near-total obstruction of the femoral arteries. Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis, or Mönckeberg's sclerosis, is a non-inflammatory form of arteriosclerosis (artery hardening), which differs from atherosclerosis ...