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Most bipolar transistors are designed to afford the greatest common-emitter current gain, β F, in forward-active mode. If this is the case, the collector–emitter current is approximately proportional to the base current, but many times larger, for small base current variations.
A load line diagram, illustrating an operating point in the transistor's active region.. Biasing is the setting of the DC operating point of an electronic component. For bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), the operating point is defined as the steady-state DC collector-emitter voltage and the collector current with no input signal applied.
For a bipolar junction transistor amplifier, this requirement means that the transistor must stay in the active mode, and avoid cut-off or saturation. The same requirement applies to a MOSFET amplifier, although the terminology differs a little: the MOSFET must stay in the active mode, and avoid cutoff or ohmic operation. [citation needed]
The input capacitor C removes any DC component of the input, and the resistors R 1 and R 2 bias the transistor so that it will remain in active mode for the entire range of the input. The output is an inverted copy of the AC component of the input that has been amplified by the ratio R C / R E and shifted by an amount determined by all four ...
Energy band diagram of a simple NPN w:bipolar junction transistor in forward-active mode showing electron energy versus position. The w:depletion regions of the emitter-base and base-collector junctions are marked.
Transistor M 1 is operating in the saturation or active mode, and so is M 2. In this setup, the output current I OUT is directly related to I REF , as discussed next. The drain current of a MOSFET I D is a function of both the gate-source voltage and the drain-to-gate voltage of the MOSFET given by I D = f ( V GS , V DG ), a relationship ...
Figure 2: A negative-feedback amplifier. The circuit can be explained by viewing the transistor as being under the control of negative feedback.From this viewpoint, a common-collector stage (Fig. 1) is an amplifier with full series negative feedback.
Early, is the variation in the effective width of the base in a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) due to a variation in the applied base-to-collector voltage. A greater reverse bias across the collector–base junction, for example, increases the collector–base depletion width , thereby decreasing the width of the charge carrier portion of ...
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