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The concept of permeability is of importance in determining the flow characteristics of hydrocarbons in oil and gas reservoirs, [4] and of groundwater in aquifers. [5]For a rock to be considered as an exploitable hydrocarbon reservoir without stimulation, its permeability must be greater than approximately 100 md (depending on the nature of the hydrocarbon – gas reservoirs with lower ...
Schematic of an aquifer showing confined zones, groundwater travel times, a spring and a well An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing material, consisting of permeable or fractured rock, or of unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt).
Permeability: The quantity of fluid (water or hydrocarbon) that can flow through a rock as a function of time and pressure, related to how interconnected the pores are, and it is known by the symbol . [1] Formation testing is the only tool that can directly measure a rock formation's permeability down a well. [9]
An understanding of the geochemistry of connate fluids is important if the diagenesis of the rock is to be quantified. The solutes in the connate fluids often precipitate and reduce the porosity and permeability of the host rock, which can have important implications for its hydrocarbon prospectivity. The chemical components of the connate ...
For example, minerals like carbonates, quartz, and feldspars are dissolved by the fluid-rock interactions due to enhanced permeability. [1] Further introduction of fluids can either continuously dissolve or otherwise re-precipitate minerals in the fault core, and thus alters the permeability. [ 1 ]
An aquifer is a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater. Aquifer susceptibility is the inherent ability of a formation to accept and transmit liquids (potentially including contaminants). [1] Certain areas of the United States are becoming more reliant on groundwater to meet the needs of the population. [2]
Below the water table, in the phreatic zone (zone of saturation), layers of permeable rock that yield groundwater are called aquifers. In less permeable soils, such as tight bedrock formations and historic lakebed deposits, the water table may be more difficult to define. “Water table” and “water level” are not synonymous. If a deeper ...
Tight gas is commonly used to refer to natural gas produced from reservoir rocks with such low permeability that massive hydraulic fracturing is necessary to produce the well at economic rates. The gas is sealed in very impermeable and hard rocks, making their formation "tight".