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Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program.Mariner 9 was launched toward Mars on May 30, 1971, [2] [3] from LC-36B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and reached the planet on November 14 of the same year, [2] [3] becoming the first spacecraft to orbit another planet ...
Viking 1 orbiter, likely to be in orbit as of 2019. [9] Mariner 9 was expected to remain in orbit until approximately 2022, when the spacecraft was projected to enter the Martian atmosphere and either burn up or crash into the planet's surface. [10] Mars Global Surveyor is predicted to orbit until 2046 (50 years after insertion). [11]
Sisterships Mariner 3 and Mariner 4 were Mars flyby missions. [18] Mariner 3 was launched on November 5, 1964, but the shroud encasing the spacecraft atop its rocket failed to open properly and Mariner 3 did not get to Mars. [1] Mariner 4, launched on November 28, 1964, was the first successful flyby of the planet Mars and gave the first ...
Mariner 8: NASA: 9 May 1971 (launch) orbiter failure launch vehicle failure MARINH: Kosmos 419: USSR 10 May 1971 (launch) orbiter failure failed to escape Earth orbit 1971-042A: Mariner 9: NASA: 14 November 1971 – 27 October 1972 orbiter success first spacecraft to orbit another planet 1971-051A: Mars 2: USSR 27 November 1971 – 22 August ...
Mariner 10: Venus 3 November 1973 5 February 1974 95 days (3 months, 3 days) Mariner 10 flew by Venus at a minimum distance of 5768 km. It was the first use of a gravity assist by an interplanetary spacecraft. [92] Mercury 29 March 1974 147 days (4 months, 27 days) Mariner 10 flew by Mercury at a minimum distance of 704 km. 21 September 1974 ...
Deployment status unknown due to loss of communications with the Mars 3 lander. [12] 17 Mariner 9: Mariner 9: 30 May 1971: NASA United States: Orbiter Successful [14] First spacecraft to orbit another planet, two weeks ahead of Mars 2 on November 14. [5] Deactivated 516 days after entering orbit. Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D: 18 Mars 4: Mars 4 (3MS ...
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Mariner 9: USA 14 November 1971 Deactivated 27 October 1972. In derelict orbit around Mars, expected to decay no sooner than 2022 [14] First spacecraft to orbit another planet First Mars orbiter Mars 2 orbiter USSR 27 November 1971 [15] Mission terminated 22 August 1972; spacecraft in derelict orbit First Soviet spacecraft to orbit Mars Mars 3 ...