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The types of polyps found in SPS include sessile serrated adenomas/polyps, traditional serrated adenomas, and hyperplastic polyps. SPS occurs in two phenotypes: proximal and distal. Proximal SPS has a greater risk of CRC than distal SPS. The vast majority of cases may be managed with colonoscopy with removal polyps (polypectomy). Polyp removal ...
A sessile serrated lesion (SSL) is a premalignant flat (or sessile) lesion of the colon, predominantly seen in the cecum and ascending colon. SSLs are thought to lead to colorectal cancer through the (alternate) serrated pathway. [1] [2] This differs from most colorectal cancer, which arises from mutations starting with inactivation of the APC ...
Sessile polyps larger than 2 cm usually contain villous features, have a higher malignant potential, and tend to recur following colonoscopic polypectomy. [18] Although polyps do not carry significant risk of colon cancer, tubular adenomatous polyps may become cancerous when they grow larger.
The pathophysiology of precancerous lesions is thought to be similar to that of cancer, and also varies depending on the disease site and type of lesion. [12] It is thought that cancer is always preceded by a clinically silent premalignant phase during which many oncogenic genetic and epigenetic alterations accumulate before it is truly malignant.
Micrograph of a sessile serrated adenoma. H&E stain. Sessile serrated adenomas are characterized by (1) basal dilation of the crypts, (2) basal crypt serration, (3) crypts that run horizontal to the basement membrane (horizontal crypts), and (4) crypt branching. The most common of these features is basal dilation of the crypts.
Adenomatous polyp colon with malignant focus at apex. A colorectal polyp is a polyp (fleshy growth) occurring on the lining of the colon or rectum. [1] Untreated colorectal polyps can develop into colorectal cancer. [2] Colorectal polyps are often classified by their behaviour (i.e. benign vs. malignant) or cause (e.g. as a consequence of ...
Cancers are caused by a series of mutations. Each mutation alters the behavior of the cell somewhat. Cancer is fundamentally a disease of tissue growth regulation. For a normal cell to transform into a cancer cell, the genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation must be altered. [98] The affected genes are divided into two broad categories.
For example, adenomatous polyps in the colon may be pedunculated (lobular head with a long slender stalk) or sessile (broad base). The adenomatous proliferation is characterized by different degrees of cell dysplasia ( atypia or loss of normal differentiation of epithelium) irregular cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, stratified or ...