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A sessile serrated lesion (SSL) is a premalignant flat (or sessile) lesion of the colon, predominantly seen in the cecum and ascending colon. SSLs are thought to lead to colorectal cancer through the (alternate) serrated pathway. [1] [2] This differs from most colorectal cancer, which arises from mutations starting with inactivation of the APC ...
Traditional serrated adenoma seen under microscopy with H&E stain, showing serrated crypts. SPS may occur with one of two phenotypes: distal or proximal. [6] The distal phenotype may demonstrate numerous small polyps in the distal colon and rectum, whereas the proximal phenotype may be characterized by relatively fewer, but larger polyps in the proximal colon (cecum, ascending colon, etc.). [6]
Sessile polyps larger than 2 cm usually contain villous features, have a higher malignant potential, and tend to recur following colonoscopic polypectomy. [18] Although polyps do not carry significant risk of colon cancer, tubular adenomatous polyps may become cancerous when they grow larger.
The pathophysiology of precancerous lesions is thought to be similar to that of cancer, and also varies depending on the disease site and type of lesion. [12] It is thought that cancer is always preceded by a clinically silent premalignant phase during which many oncogenic genetic and epigenetic alterations accumulate before it is truly malignant.
Adenomatous polyp colon with malignant focus at apex. A colorectal polyp is a polyp (fleshy growth) occurring on the lining of the colon or rectum. [1] Untreated colorectal polyps can develop into colorectal cancer. [2] Colorectal polyps are often classified by their behaviour (i.e. benign vs. malignant) or cause (e.g. as a consequence of ...
This outpatient procedure, performed under sedation, allows doctors to identify and remove polyps — soft tissue growths that can develop into cancer. Since polyps affect roughly 20% to 30% of ...
Adenomatous polyps may be classified based on morphology in order to identify lesions at increased risk of malignant transformation. For example, adenomatous polyps in the colon may be pedunculated (lobular head with a long slender stalk) or sessile (broad base).
Cancers are caused by a series of mutations. Each mutation alters the behavior of the cell somewhat. Cancer is fundamentally a disease of tissue growth regulation. For a normal cell to transform into a cancer cell, the genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation must be altered. [98] The affected genes are divided into two broad categories.
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