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Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs. [4] [7] This initial stage of sepsis is followed by suppression of the immune system. [8] Common signs and symptoms include fever, increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, and confusion. [1]
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Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
Tests in community settings where there is no laboratory, are divided into general tests and tests that are disease-specific. [5] Diseases that can be tested for in the community without laboratory facilities include: Chagas disease , cholera , COVID-19 , diabetes mellitus , hepatitis B and C , HIV , influenza , malaria , Streptococcal ...
Since the introduction of automated analyzers into the clinical laboratory, the ESR test has been automatically performed. The ESR is influenced by the aggregation of red blood cells: blood plasma proteins, mainly fibrinogen , promote the formation of red cell clusters called rouleaux or larger structures (interconnected rouleaux, irregular ...
It is a phenomenon most commonly witnessed in sepsis, and less frequently in autoimmune diseases, differentiation syndrome, engraftment syndrome, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, viral hemorrhagic fevers, and snakebite and ricin poisoning. [1]
Younger age, female, immunocompromised, or existing renal, urinary, or lower GI disease (because these are the systems involved in the disease) [1] Diagnostic method: Blood tests (to monitor levels of platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells), stool tests (especially to check for microscopic or macroscopic levels of fresh or old blood ...
In adults, vulnerable groups include those with an artificial joint, prior arthritis, diabetes and poor immune function. [2] Diagnosis is generally based on accurate correlation between history-taking and clinical examination findings, and basic laboratory and imaging findings like joint ultrasound. [5]