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  2. List of languages by number of phonemes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by...

    List of languages Language Language family Phonemes Notes Ref Total Consonants Vowels, [clarification needed] tones and stress Arabic (Standard) Afroasiatic: 34: 28 6 Number of phonemes in Modern Standard Arabic, without counting the long vowels /eː/ and /oː/ which are phonemic in Mashriqi dialects or other dialectal phonemes.

  3. French phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_phonology

    The velar nasal /ŋ/ is not a native phoneme of French, but it occurs in loan words such as camping, smoking or kung-fu. [7] Some speakers who have difficulty with this consonant realise it as a sequence [ŋɡ] or replace it with /ɲ/. [8] It could be considered a separate phoneme in Meridional French, e.g. pain /pɛŋ/ ('bread') vs. penne ...

  4. French orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography

    French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.

  5. PHOIBLE - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHOIBLE

    The individual language pages include geographical information from Glottolog, with a link to its site with the glottocode of the language, and another with the ISO 639-3 code pointing to that of SIL. They also include links to one or more phoneme inventories, with associated bibliographic records for each source. Multiple entries are based on ...

  6. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The IPA is used by lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, linguists, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic ) sounds in oral language ...

  7. IPA consonant chart with audio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio

    The following are the non-pulmonic consonants.They are sounds whose airflow is not dependent on the lungs. These include clicks (found in the Khoisan languages and some neighboring Bantu languages of Africa), implosives (found in languages such as Sindhi, Hausa, Swahili and Vietnamese), and ejectives (found in many Amerindian and Caucasian languages).

  8. International Phonetic Alphabet chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.

  9. Phonemic orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonemic_orthography

    A phonemic orthography is an orthography (system for writing a language) in which the graphemes (written symbols) correspond consistently to the language's phonemes (the smallest units of speech that can differentiate words), or more generally to the language's diaphonemes.