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Oxygenation zones are numbered inside the diamond-shaped acinus (in red). Zone three is closest to the central vein and zone one is closest to the portal triad. Zones differ by function: zone I hepatocytes are specialized for oxidative liver functions such as gluconeogenesis, β-oxidation of fatty acids and cholesterol synthesis
The hepatic artery provides 30 to 40% of the oxygen to the liver, while only accounting for 25% of the total liver blood flow. The rest comes from the partially deoxygenated blood from the portal vein. The liver consumes about 20% of the total body oxygen when at rest.
A liver segment is one of eight segments of the liver as described in the widely used Couinaud classification (named after Claude Couinaud) in the anatomy of the liver.This system divides the lobes of the liver into eight segments based on a transverse plane through the bifurcation of the main portal vein, [1] arranged in a clockwise manner starting from the caudate lobe.
A liver sinusoid is a type of capillary known as a sinusoidal capillary, discontinuous capillary or sinusoid, that is similar to a fenestrated capillary, having discontinuous endothelium that serves as a location for mixing of the oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and the nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein.
The falciform ligament, visible on the front of the liver, makes a superficial division of the right and left lobes of the liver. From the underside, the two additional lobes are located on the right lobe. [2] A line can be imagined running from the left of the vena cava and all the way forward to divide the liver and gallbladder into two ...
The gallbladder is located on the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver. [9] It produces bile, which is used to help process fats in the body. [9] Humans can live without the gallbladder. [10] The largest lymphatic organ is the spleen, which is dark purple and located under the lower ribs, around the left side of the upper abdomen.
The bare area of the liver is found on the posterosuperior surface of the right lobe of the liver. [1] This lies close to the thoracic diaphragm. It is the only part of the liver that has no peritoneal covering. [1] [2] It lies between the two layers of the coronary ligament, as well as the right triangular ligament. [1]
Incision and excision of skull, brain, and cerebral meninges Cranial puncture() Cisternal punctur() Ventriculopuncture through previously implanted cathete() Other cranial punctur