Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −
80% or more of ammonia is used as fertilizer. Ammonia is also used for the production of plastics, fibres, explosives, nitric acid (via the Ostwald process), and intermediates for dyes and pharmaceuticals. The industry contributes 1% to 2% of global CO 2. [2] Between 18–20 Mt of the gas is transported globally each year. [3]
Ammonia boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressure of one atmosphere, but the liquid can often be handled in the laboratory without external cooling. Household ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a solution of ammonia in water.
Ammonium chloride precipitates and is removed by filtration, and the solution is recycled to produce more sodium carbonate. Hou's process eliminates the production of calcium chloride. The byproduct ammonium chloride can be refined, used as a fertilizer and may have greater commercial value than CaCl 2, thus reducing the extent of waste beds.
Fuming has some safety issues. The solution of ammonium hydroxide used is much stronger (26% to 30%) than in household ammonia and is corrosive. The fuming must be done in an enclosed sealed chamber. Ammonia splashes can burn skin and the fumes can cause burns to eyes and lungs. [3]
An executive order signed by President Trump in late January called for the EPA to expedite its removal of hazardous materials from the Los Angeles area wildfire zones.
TMAH undergoes simple acid-base reactions to produce tetramethylammonium (TMA) salts whose anion is derived from the acid used. Illustrative is the preparation of tetramethylammonium fluoride: [6] NMe 4 + OH − + HF → NMe 4 + F − + H 2 O. Solutions of TMAH may be used to make other tetramethylammonium salts in metathesis reactions with ...
This is a process diagram of a turbine generator. Engineers working to produce a sustainable process for use in the chemical industry need to know how to design a sustainable process in which the system can withstand or manipulate process-halting conditions such as heat, friction, pressure, emissions, and contaminants.