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The geology of Ethiopia includes rocks of the Neoproterozoic East African Orogeny, Jurassic marine sediments and Quaternary rift-related volcanism. Events that greatly shaped Ethiopian geology is the assembly and break-up of Gondwana and the present-day rifting of Africa.
The rows formed slow surface water run-off during rainstorms to prevent soil erosion and allow the water time to infiltrate into the soil. Soil conservation is the prevention of loss of the topmost layer of the soil from erosion or prevention of reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination
Hence, soil erosion is an important problem, which results in low crop yields and biomass production. [15] Given the strong degradation and thanks to the hard labour of many people in the villages, soil conservation is carried out on a large scale since the 1980s and especially 1980s; this has curbed rates of soil loss. [16]
A pioneering study of the geology of Ethiopia was W. T. Blanford's work in 1870. [6] More recent work has focused on the Afar Depression, due to its importance as one of two places on Earth where a mid-ocean ridge can be studied on land (the other is Iceland). The following formations are represented: Sedimentary and metamorphic
The Locations of Wildlife Reserves of Ethiopia. Aledeghi Wildlife Reserve; Awash-West Wildlife Reserve; Chelbi Wildlife Reserve (Chelbi or Stephanie) Degodi Lark Reserve; Gewane Wildlife Reserve; Guassa Community Conservation Area; Indeltu (Shebelle) Gorges Reserve; Mille-Serdo Wildlife Reserve; Shire Wildlife Reserve
The valley bottoms in the gorge of this river, for instance at Inda Mihtsun, have been identified as a transhumance destination zone. Transhumance takes place in the summer rainy season, when the lands near the villages are occupied by crops. Young shepherds will take the village cattle down to the gorge and overnight in small caves.
Saprolite is a particular example of a residual soil formed from the transformation of granite, metamorphic and other types of bedrock into clay minerals. Often called weathered granite, saprolite is the result of weathering processes that include: hydrolysis, chelation from organic compounds, hydration and physical processes that include ...
The Antalo Limestone sediments were deposited at the time of dinosaurs and primitive birds. Well away from coasts, coral reefs formed the edge of the continental shelf. At shallow depth, the sea bottom was made of large mudflats, with sand bars and spits near river mouths. [6]