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Cervical cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide, causing an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020. [1] About 90% of these new cases and deaths of cervical cancer occurred in low- and middle-income countries, where screening tests and treatment of early cervical cell changes are not readily available. [1]
Viral infections are risk factors for cervical cancer, 80% of liver cancers, and 15–20% of the other cancers. [2] This proportion varies in different regions of the world from a high of 32.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa to 3.3% in Australia and New Zealand. [1] A virus that can cause cancer is called an oncovirus or tumor virus.
Worldwide, cervical cancer is both the fourth-most common type of cancer and the fourth-most common cause of death from cancer in women, with over 660,000 new cases and around 350,000 deaths in 2022. [ 3 ] [ 26 ] It is the second-most common cause of female-specific cancer after breast cancer , accounting for around 8% of both total cancer ...
There have been many important advances in cervical cancer screening and prevention, and here's how you can learn more. At-home testing for cancer-causing HPV helps further improve rates of prevention
It was suggested that such types of viruses could cause cancer by introducing new genes into the genome. Genetic analysis of mice infected with Friend virus confirmed that retroviral integration could disrupt tumor suppressor genes, causing cancer. [51] Viral oncogenes were subsequently discovered and identified to cause cancer.
HPV is the most common virus that infects the reproductive tract. Infection can lead to the development of cervical cancer in women. Viral infection is a major risk factor for cervical and liver cancer. [61] A virus that can cause cancer is called an oncovirus.
Viruses [68] are the usual infectious agents that cause cancer but bacteria and parasites may also play a role. Oncoviruses (viruses that can cause human cancer) include: Human papillomavirus (cervical cancer), Epstein–Barr virus (B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma),
A connection between cancer regression and viruses has long been theorised, and case reports of regression noted in cervical cancer, Burkitt lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma, after immunisation or infection with an unrelated virus appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. [15]