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A facial expression database is a collection of images or video clips with facial expressions of a range of emotions. Well-annotated ( emotion -tagged) media content of facial behavior is essential for training, testing, and validation of algorithms for the development of expression recognition systems .
The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) is a database of pictures designed to provide a standardized set of pictures for studying emotion and attention [1] that has been widely used in psychological research. [2] The IAPS was developed by the National Institute of Mental Health Center for Emotion and Attention at the University of ...
However, an equals sign, a number 8, a capital letter B or a capital letter X are also used to indicate normal eyes, widened eyes, those with glasses or those with crinkled eyes, respectively. Symbols for the mouth vary, e.g. ")" for a smiley face or "(" for a sad face. One can also add a "}" after the mouth character to indicate a beard.
The forced choice method determines the emotion attributed to the facial expressions via the labels that are presented. [26] That is, participants will select the best match to the facial expression even if it is not the emotion label they would have provided spontaneously and even if they would not have labeled the expression as an emotion at all.
Microexpressions can be difficult to recognize, but still images and video can make them easier to perceive. In order to learn how to recognize the way that various emotions register across parts of the face, Ekman and Friesen recommend the study of what they call "facial blueprint photographs", photographic studies of "the same person showing all the emotions" under consistent photographic ...
For example, when reading an email, people are unable to hear the sender's voice or see the sender's facial expression; both voice and facial expressions are important social cues that allow one to understand how someone else is feeling, and without them, one can be more prone to misinterpret what someone is conveying in an email.
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FACS coding is also used extensively in computer animation, in particular for computer facial animation, with facial expressions being expressed as vector graphics of AUs. [24] FACS vectors are used as weights for blend shapes corresponding to each AU, with the resulting face mesh then being used to render the finished face.