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Furthermore, the application of DNA shuffling by molecular breeding on multiple parent adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors was employed to generate a library of ten million chimeras. [29] The advantageous attributes obtained include increased resistance to human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and the production of cell tropism in the novel ...
The simplest method places the mutation site toward one of the ends of the fragment whereby one of two oligonucleotides used for generating the fragment contains the mutation. This involves a single step of PCR, but still has the inherent problem of requiring a suitable restriction site near the mutation site unless a very long primer is used.
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TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) is a method in molecular biology that allows directed identification of mutations in a specific gene.TILLING was introduced in 2000, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and expanded on into other uses and methodologies by a small group of scientists including Luca Comai.
There are several methods, or forms, of mutation that exist including spontaneous mutation, errors during replication and repair, as well as mutation due to environmental effects. [8] These origins of mutations can cause many different types of mutations which influence gene expression on both large and small scales.
Not all mutations will significantly affect the proliferation of the cell. However, if the insertion occurs in an essential gene or a gene that is involved in cellular replication or programmed cell death , the insertion may compromise the viability of the cell or even cause the cell to replicate interminably – leading to the formation of a ...
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Genetic programming (GP) is an evolutionary algorithm, an artificial intelligence technique mimicking natural evolution, which operates on a population of programs.It applies the genetic operators selection according to a predefined fitness measure, mutation and crossover.